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Written guides on the gap between a datasheet and a working board — why a 10 µF capacitor measures 3 µF under bias, when a tolerance stack matters, how to read the ratings that actually limit a part. Measurements and worked cases, not formula sheets.

This part of the site is in development. Below is what is being built for it.

Every calculator already carries the theory for its own arithmetic. These go further, into the behaviour a formula does not capture.

Coming next

  • The E-series explained: why 4.7 and not 5, and when E96 is worth the moneysoon
  • Tolerance stacking: worst case, root-sum-square, and which to use whensoon
  • Class-II ceramic capacitors: how a 10 µF part becomes 3 µF under biassoon
  • Series electrolytics and why they need balancing resistorssoon
  • Reading a resistor datasheet: working voltage, pulse rating, TCRsoon
  • Mutual inductance: when two coils on one board stop behaving independentlysoon