JavaScript is turned off in this browser. The explanations, formulas and worked examples on every page are plain HTML and will read normally. The calculators themselves cannot run without it, so entering values and pressing a solve button will do nothing, and the animation on the home page will stand still.

LEDs and drivers

Series resistors, arrays and constant-current drivers, with forward-voltage spread treated as the variable it really is.

These calculators are in development. Below is what is being built for this category.

Coming next

LED series resistor from supply, forward voltage and target currentsoon
Series-parallel LED array layout for a given supplysoon
Constant-current driver sense-resistor valuesoon
LED power dissipation and heatsink requirementsoon
Forward-voltage tolerance: current spread across a production batchsoon
PWM dimming duty cycle against apparent brightnesssoon